Y%S ,xldfõ ;ju;a ckm%sh fudßia uhskrfha l;dj

wÈka jir ñ,shk .Kklg fmr f,dalfha rc lf<a vhsfkdairia kï fhdaO Wr. úfYaIhhs' wE; úYajfhka meñK mD:súfha .egqK weiafg%dhsvhla ksid isÿjQ ld,.=K úm¾hdih vhsfkdairhka ñysu;ska ;=rka ùug fya;=jQ nj úoHd{hkaf.a u;hhs' f,dj úiQ wjika vhsfkdairia i;ajhd urK uxplfha je;sr isáh§ ta wi,g meñKs ler‍fmd;af;la hd¿fõ Thd b;ska hkjdo" wms kx f,dalh mj;sk;=re bkakjd hehs mejeiQ njg m%nkaOhla we;'

f,dj mj;sk ;dla Èú f.jkd nj mejiQ ler‍fmd;a;dg fudag¾ r: f,dalfha Wmud lrkqfha fudßia uhsk¾ fudag¾ r:hhs' fudßia uhskrh ler‍fmd;a;dg iulrkqfha tys yevh fyda fjk;a ndysr lreKla ksid fkdj tho l,amdka;h f;la Ndú; lrkakg yels jdykhla njg fudag¾ r: f,da,Ska úYajdi lrkd neúks' t;rï ;sridr leue;a;la iys; fudßia uhskrh idvïnr n%s;dkH ksIamdokhls'

fudag¾ r: f,da,Skaf.a NdIdfjka mjikafka kï th ßh,a bka.a,sIa nvqjls' hqfrdamdlrfha rgj,a tlsfkld mrhñka fudag¾ r: ksIamdokh lrñka isá wjêfha n%s;dkH ksIamdolhkago msßueiqïodhl yqrenqyqá fudag¾ ßhla ksmoùug wjYHj ;snqKs'

f,dal hqoaOh ksudj;a iu. idudkH ckhd w;r jdyk mßyrKh by< .sh w;r fï kj mdßfNda.sl fldÜGdih b,lal lr wdl¾I”h jdykhla ksmoùug n%s;dkHfha fudßia iud.ug wjYH úh' fï kj fudag¾ r:h ksmoùfï j.lSu mejrefKa wef,laia bisf.daksia kï bxðfkarejdgh' wj,ïnk moaO;s ixj¾Olfhl= f,i fudßia iud.ug tlajQ bisf.daksiaf.a ys; Èkd .;af;a 1928 fudßia iud.u ksmojQ “uhsk¾” kï r:hhs' tfukau 1940 oYlfha f,dj mqrd wf,ú jQ fudßia 8 r:fha tkaðu iy ;sßx. moaO;sh kj r:hg fhdod.kakgo bisf.daksia ;SrKh lf<ah'

1948 jif¾§ f,dal fudag¾ r: lafIa;%h Wvqhál=re lrñka m<jQ fudßia uhsk¾ r:h ksmoùug bisf.daksia iu;aúh' th ydmqrd lshd 1948 iema;eïn¾ ui n%s;dkHfha m%o¾Ykh l<o th ta jk úg;a Y%S ,xldj we;=¿ n%s;dkH k;=j ;snQ rgj, ud¾.j, iq,Nj oel.; yels úh' wef,la bisf.daksia ksmojQ m<uq fudßia uhskrh we;=¿ jQfha ¾¾ ldKavhgh' ¾¾ ldKavfha r:" fodr fofla ieÆka r: úh' È.ska w.,a 148lao m<,ska w.,a 60lao Wi w.,a 60lao jQ ¾¾ ldKavfha r:hl frdao w;r mr;rh w.,a 86la úh'

¾¾ ldKavfha uhsk¾ r: m%Odk jYfhka udÈ,s follska ksmoùh' ta ieÆka udÈ,sh iy wl=,k jy,hlska hq;a uqjßka udÈ,sh hkqfjks' ieÆka udÈ,sfha uq,ska ksmojQ r:j, m%Odk ,dïmq l=vd úh' tajd uola my;ska fI,a tlg jvd;a iómj ia:dk.; lr ;snqKs' fuu udÈ,sh Y%S ,xldfõ jvd;a ckm%sh jQfha “niaid uhsk¾” hkqfjks' à'ì' b,x.r;ak YQÍkaf.a wU hy¿fjda lD;s weiqfrka ksmojQ fg,s kdgHfha§ fk¿ï nKavdr uy;d mojkafka niaid uhsk¾ ßhls'

fuu j¾.fha r:j,g fhdod ;snqfKa me;s lmdg iys; 918cc tkaðuls' fuu r:hg ;;amr 29§ mehg ie' 50l fõ.hla Wmojd .; yels úh' ¾¾ r:hl bkaOk ld¾hlaIu;dj .eÆulg ie;mqï 40 blaujd ;snqKs' 1948 isg 1971 olajd fï j¾.fha r: 13"68"291 ksmojd we;s w;r ñka r: 350la n%s;dkHfha isá uhsk¾ wf,úlrejka fjkqfjka ksmojd we;' ta 1961 § oi ,laI fjks ¾¾ ldKavfha fudßia uhskrh ksIamdokh ùu iurkakgh'

uhsk¾ f,dalfha jvd;a ckm%sh fukau j¾;udkfhao iq,N fudaia;rh f,i .efkkd fudßia uhsk¾ 1000 r:h 1956§ ksIamdokh úh' 1971 jk úg fuu udÈ,sfha r: 8"47"491 ksmojd ;snqKs' fodr 2 iy 4 udÈ,s follska hqla;j ksmojd ;snQ uhsk¾ 1000 r: i|yd 948cc iy 1098cc tkaðka Ndú; lr we;' uhsk¾ r: ie,iqï l< wef,laia bisf.daksiayg n%s;dkH uy /ðk úiska Y%Su;a hk f.!rj kduh mjd ,nd fok ,§'

uhsk¾ r: fmf<a yuqjk  iqúfYaIS r:h jkqfha fudßia g%ej,¾ je.ka ßhhs' fodr follska hq;a g%ej,¾ ßfha fomig wefrk miq mi fodrj,a follao we;' 1952 jif¾ ksmojQ fuu r:fha no jgd oej rduqjla fhdod we;' fuh Y%S ,xldfõ j;= wêldßjreka w;r ckm%shj ;snqKs' NdKav m%jdykhg fjka jqK uhsk¾ mek,a je.ka fukau r¿ Ndú;hg iqÿiq uhsk¾ mslawma udÈ,sfha jdyko uhsk¾ mjq‍f,a oel.; yel' tx.,ka;hg wu;rj ´iag%ේ,shdj" kjiS,ka;h" fvkaud¾lh" hk rgj,o fudßia uhsk¾ r: ksmojd we;'

tfy;a j¾;udkfha f,damqrd fudßia uhsk¾ r: Odjkhg yelsj ;sfnkqfha Y%S ,xldfõ “ähqrfn,a ld¾” iud.ug mska isÿjkakgh' wo jk úg uhsk¾ i|yd wjYH Wmdx. /ila tu iud.u u.ska ksIamdokh lr f,dj mqrd fnodyßhs'
f,dj wjika fudßia uhsk¾ ßh ksmojQfha 1974 jif¾§h' ta kjiS,ka;fha fk,aika ys§h' ta jk úg uhsk¾ r: ,laI 18lg wdikak m%udKhla ksmojd ;snqKs' oi ,laIh blaujQ m%:u n%s;dkH ksIamdÈ; fudag¾ ßh jQfha fudßia uhskrhhs'

fudßia iy Tiaáka iud.ï w;r we;sj ;snQ tl.;djhlg wkqj 1952 jif¾ isg fudßia uhsk¾ r: i|yd Tiaáka iud.u úiska ksmojQ ta ldKavfha bka,hska tkaðka fhdod .kakd ,§' uhsk¾ r: fu;rï ckm%sh ùug m%Odk fya;=j tu r:j, jQ w;sYh ir, njh' fndkÜgqj wer n,k l< tkaðug wu;rj negßh" ldìhqf¾grh thd¾ la,Skrh muKla tys oel.; yel' úÿ,s fmg%,a ‍fmdïmh uq,skau Ndú; lr we;af;ao uhsk¾ ßh fjkqfjks'

fudßia uhskrfha ldìhqf¾grh iqúfYaIS tlls' th f,dj ksmojQ fydou ldìhqf¾grh f,i wog;a i,lkq ,nhs' fidf,laia iud.u ksmojQ fuu ldìhqf¾grfha Wv fldgi fnda;,hl yevfhka hq;= ksid th fidf,laia fnda;,a ldìhqf¾grh f,i yÿkajkq ,nhs' idudkH uhsk¾ r:hl bkaOk ld¾hlaIu;dj .eÆug ie;mqï 40la jqj;a th b;d myiqfjka ie;mqï 50 olajd iqir l< yelsh' fld;rï fmg%,a jeyqj;a ñia lrkafka ke;s njg fudag¾ r: ld¾ñlhka mjik fuu ldìhqf¾grh 600l fldaKhlska  r:hg iúfjhs'
Y%S ,xldfõ ßheÿre mdi,a w;r uhsk¾ r: b;d ckm%sh úh' 1980 oYlh wdrïN jk úg;a ßheÿre mdi,aj, uhsk¾ r: wksjd¾h wx.hla úh' ta hq.fha ßheÿre n,m;% ,nd.;a nyq;rhla ish ßh meoùfï m%ùK;dj olajd we;af;a fudßia uhsk¾ r:j,sks'

uhsk¾ r:j, we;af;a c, isis,k tkaðuls' 1952 muK jk úg uhsk¾ r: ioyd isria uqÿka lmdg tkaðka Ndú;h wdrïN úh' miqld,Skj me;s lmdg tkaðka Ndú;h k;r lr oeuQ uq;a wog;a tu udÈ,s i|yd wu;r fldgia ksmofjhs' uhskrfha ;sßx. ‍fmdïmh r:h hg ^ìï mqjrej hg& iúlr ;sfí' ´j,dldr yevfhka hq;a fuu ‍fmdïmfha iy ;sßx. k< ;=< we;s jdhq nqnq¿ b;d m%fõYfuka bj;a lsÍu u.ska ;sßx. l%shdldß;ajh b;d ld¾hlaIu lr.; yel'

uhskrfha wdfrdamK moaO;sh  12 lska hq;a vhskfudajla iy lgjqÜ tllska iukaú;h' fuys wj,ïnk moaO;sh fudßia iy Tiaáka mjq‍f,a fjk;a r:j,o oel.; yels b;d ÈhqKq ;;a;ajfha tlls' úfYaIfhka kQ;k fg,iafldmsla wj,ïnk moaO;sj, oefkkd .eiaiSï lsis;a fudßia uhskrfha oel .ekSug ke;af;a fuu iqúfYaIS wj,ïnk moaO;sh ksidh' n%s;dkHh lsÍghg k;=j ;snQ fndfyda rgj, l%slÜ l%Svdj fukau fudßia uhskrho ckm%sh úh' Y%S ,xldfõo th ckÔú;h yd ne£ ;snQ r:hla úh' fï ksidu foda Y%S ,xldfõ fudßia uhskrh fjkqfjka ;eme,a uqoaorhla mjd ksl=;a lr we;'

Y%S ,xldfõ jvd;a ckm%sh l=,S ßh jQfha uhskrhhs' r;= meye;s wxl ;yvqj iy ly meye jy<h iys; l=,S uhsk¾ fkdfyd;a uhsk¾ gelais tl, nyq,j oel.; yels úh' fï r:j, ol=Kq mi hdka;%sl l%uhg l%shd;aul gelais ógrhla iú lr ;snqKs' úfYaIfhka ÿïßh ‍fmd<j, uhsk¾ gelais b;d iq,N úh' ud;r ÿïßh ‍fmdf<a uhsk¾ gelaislrejka iy nlals lr;a;lrejka w;r tl, jQfha iqyoYS,S ;r.hls' tfy;a miq ld,Skj ;%sfrdao r: úiska tu fomd¾Yajhu mrdch lr l=,S .ukaj, wdêm;H ;ksju ysñ lr .;a nj mejeish yel'

ckm%sh l=,S r:hla jQ uhsk¾ ßh frday,g f,vqka f.k .sh m%Odk l%uh úh' fuu ksid uhsk¾ r: ;=<§ fuf,dj t<sh ÿgq ì,sÿka fukau Ôú;fhka iuq.;a; jqka .eko jd¾;d fndfydah' l=,S ßhla f,i ckm%sh jqjo uhsk¾ r:h rfÜ by<u m%NQka Ndú; l< r:hls' ysgmq ckdêm;s uyskao rdcmlaI uy;df.a mshdKka i;=jo uhskrhla ;snQ nj jd¾;d fjhs' ysgmq ckdêm;s wd¾' fma%uodi uy;do uhskrhla Ndú; lr we;' m%lg úoajf;la jQ wdpd¾h B' ví,sõ' wêldrï uy;d i;=jo fudßia uhsk¾ r:hla ;sì we;' jrla ta uy;df.a r:fha ‍f,aka l+vqjla bÈlr ;snQ w;r tys isá megjqka bj;aj hk;=re Tyq r:h .rdcfha ;nd ;snQ nj lshfõ' m%lg l,dlre uy.ufialrhkao uhsk¾ ßhla Ndú;d lr we;' m%lg Y,H ffjoH jrhl= jQ mS'wd¾' weka;kSia uy;do ish Ôú; ld,h mqrdu uhsk¾ r: Ndú; lr we;' ÿïßh fomd¾;fïka;=fõ fiajlhka w;ro fudßia uhsk¾ r: fndfyda ckm%shj ;snQ nj jd¾;d fjhs' úfYaIfhkau ÿïßh ia:dkdêm;sjreka iy ÿïßh ßheÿrka nyq, jYfhka uhsk¾ r: Ndú; lr we;' Ndú; lrk ,o uhsk¾ r: úls”fï§ th l,ska Ndú; l< mqoa.,hdf.a jD;a;sh ms<sn|jo .ekqïlrefjda ie,ls,su;a fj;s' ÿïßh ia:dkdêm;sjrhl= úiska Ndú; l< fyda ffjoHjrhl=" úÿy,am;sjrhl= Ndú; l< r: fofjks jr wf,ú lsÍu jvd;a myiq úh' 1980 oYlfha wdrïNh f;la ksmojQ isxy, Ñ;%mg fndfyduhl fudßia uhsk¾ r: oel.; yel' iev iq<x Ñ;%mgfha Ôjk fï .uk ixidf¾ .S;fhao fudßia uhsk¾ r:hla oel.; yel' ohd rdcmlaIhka úiska ks¾udKh lrk ,o Ñ;%l;djla weiqfrka .dñ” f*dkafiald wOHlaIKh lrk ,o ilaú;s iqjh Ñ;%mgfha yeÍ whshd fkdfyd;a nlÜ yeÍ mojkqfhao fudßia uhsk¾ ßhls' fï wdldrfha Ñ;%mg i|yd fhdod.;a fudag¾ r: ioyd úfYaI jákdlula tl;= úh'

j¾;udkfha§;a fudßia uhsk¾ r: 4000lg jeä m%udKhla Y%S ,xldfõ oel.; yel' tfy;a b;d fõ.fhka tu ixLHdj my; jefgñka ;sfí' fuhg m%Odk fya;= folla n,md ;sfí' bka m<uq jekak ksis ld¾ñl wjfndaOhla ke;s ld¾ñlhka iy ßh ysñlrejka úiska isÿ lrk kùlrKhhs' uhsk¾ r:j,g wdfõKsl ;sßx. iy wdfrdamK moaO;s bj;a lr tajdg fjk;a wdfoaYl iú lsÍu ksid jir lsysmhla ;=< tu r: ia:sr f,iu úkdY ù hhs' we;euqka tkaðka" .sh¾ fmÜá" iqlaldkï moaO;s wd§ ish,a, fjkia lr uhsk¾ fndäh muKla fírd .ks;s' uhskrfha úkdYh läkï lrkd offjks idOlh jkqfha ;j;a n%s;dkH ksIamdokhla jQ ñks uhsk¾ r:hls' 1950 oYlfha w. Nd.fha§ ksmojQ ñks uhskrh fõ.j;a yqrenqyqá fudag¾ ßhls' fuu r:h fld;rï ckm%sh jQfhao h;a 1970 oYlfha ckm%sh jQ ldka;d weÿï ú,dis;djla kï lsÍugo ñks uhskrh fhdod f.k we;' ta ú,dis;dj wfklla fkdj bfka isg wählg jvd Èla fkdjQ flá idhhs' fuu flá idh ks¾udKh l< n%s;dkH cd;sl ks¾udK Ys,amsksh i;=jo ñks uhsk¾ ßhla ;sì we;' weh ;ud ks¾udKh l< flá idh ñks ial¾Ü f,i kï lf<a ;ud wdid l< fudag¾ r:h isysùug nj mejfia'

uhskrh Y%S ,xldfõ jvd;a ckm%sh jQfha Okj;a mjq,aj, orejka w;rh' miqld,Skj ñks uhsk¾ r: ksIamdokh n%s;dkH taldêldßfhka ñ§ f,dalfha fjk;a r:j,g ysñ úh' wo ñks uhsk¾ Y%S ,xldjg jeämqru f.k tkafka jHdc wdldrfhks' cmdkh jeks r:j, Ndú; lrkd ñks uhsk¾ r: folg lmd ny¿ïj, wiqrd jxpkslj rgg f.k tau j¾;udkfha nyq,j isÿfjhs' fuf,i f.k tk ñks uhsk¾ r: h<s mqreoaod tl,ia lsÍug Y%S ,xldfõ m%ùK ld¾ñlfhda isà' ld¾ñlhkag folg lmk ,o ñks uhsk¾ r:h h<s mqreoaokakg Wmka ymkqka isákafka l=reKE., m%foaYfhah' folg lmk ,o ñks uhskrhla ,laI 7lg muK ñ,§ .kakd .ekqïlrejka th h<s mqreoaod mska;drej ilid .ekSu i|yd ;j;a re' ,laI tlyudrla muK ld¾ñl Ys,amshdg f.úh hq;= fjhs' tfy;a kS;s úfrdaëj rgg f.k wd neúka mqreoaok ,o ñks uhsk¾ Y%S ,xldfõ ,shdmÈxÑ l< fkdyel' tfy;a thgo úiÿula fï jk úg fidhd .kakg wfma we;a;ka iu;aj we;' merKs ñks uhskrfha ,shdmÈxÑ iy;slfha tys j¾.h ioykaj we;af;a fudßia hkqfjks' fudßia uhsk¾ r:fhao i|yka jkafka tf,iska neúka uhsk¾ r:hl ,shdmÈxÑ ‍fmd;la fidhd tys wxlfhka jHdc f,i rgg f.k wd ñks uhskrhg iqcd; njla ,nd §u j¾;udkfha§ chg isÿfjhs' tksid Èrd hlv njg m;a jQ uhsk¾ ßhl ,shdmÈxÑ ‍fmd; iy tys ku i|yka f,day m,lh lsis wmyiqjlska f;drj re' 1"50"000lg muK úl=Kd .; yel' 5 Y%S j,ska by< uhsk¾ ßhlg re' ,laI 2 ) 2 1$2 ,nd .ekSu wiSre ke;' fï wdldrfhka ñks uhskrfha Wmamekakh ieliSu i|yd fudßia uhsk¾ ì,s §u ksid l,amdka;h f;la mj;sk njg Woï wekQ fudßia uhsk¾ fudag¾ r:h jir lsysmhlska Y%S ,xldfjka uq¿ukskau ÿreù hdug bv we;'

lreKq ikd: lr .ekSug j¾;udkfha 5)6 Y%S ldKavj,ska Y%S ,xldfõ Odjkh jk ñks uhsk¾ ms<sonj wjOdkfhka isàfuka mq¿jk' j¾;udkfha tjeks ñks uhsk¾ r:j, oaú;aj jdhq nE.a"  jdhq iólrK" iajhxl%Sh fyda g%sma fgdksla .sh¾ moaO;s mjd oel .; yel' Y%S ,xldfõ 5)6) Y%S jdyk ,shdmÈxÑ flrefõ 1973)74 ld,fha nj fkdryils' ta wjêfha ñks uhsk¾ r: meje;sfha  uQ,sl fudag¾ r: ;;a;ajfhks' tneúka tu r:j, fmr lS iqfndamfNda.S wx. fkd;snqK nj wuq;=fjka mejeish hq;= fkdfõ'

Y%S ,xldfõ oek oek isÿ lrk fuu jrog tfrys ùug lsisfjl=;a tä;r fkdùu ksid l,amdka;h f;la mj;skakg ksmojd we;s fudßia uhskrh ;j jir lsysmhlska wfma rfÜ udj;aj,ska bj;aùug fndfyda bvlv ;sfí'